Freud’s theory of Psychoanalysis and the unconscious motives of humans, proved to be an influence to many artists in the post-impressionist time period such as van Gogh. This theory exposes a human’s unconscious, conscious, and preconscious motives, as well as thought processes- also known as a person’s id, ego, and superego (Broeker 499). It is Freud’s theory of personality that attempts to provide why we do the things we do. Sigmund Freud, the founder of Psychoanalysis, contributed to van Gogh’s art as inspiration for “The Night Café.” Psychoanalysis was a controversial theory of the unconscious mind. There were discoveries in the fields of science, art, literature, and politics therefore, these new innovators and their discoveries often influenced van Gogh. Van Gogh lived in a time with competition between new innovators and new ideas, meaning that every rising man or woman in their specific category, whether it be art, science, or literature, had to prove their talent to the citizens of that nation. While impressionists throughout the years of 18 were disciplined in their pieces, post-impressionists were thought to have no limits therefore, they would paint what they desired no matter the risk, or emotion, that was being depicted (Voorhies). Since Monet and his most common landscape portraits, this post-impressionist period had been the development of French art through the years. Rather than painting literal landscapes or portraits, they put symbolism and meaning into real-life matter. These artists, as well as many others, focused on symbolism, vivid color pallets, thick paint application, and geometric shapes. Leaders such as Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, van Gogh, and Georges Seurat were dominant throughout the French movement. Post-impressionism was the reaction against Impressionists for their naturalistic views of light and color. This was a predominantly French movement between 18. Vincent van Gogh was an aspiring artist during the Post-Impressionist time period. It was Sigmund Freud who paved the way for new artists such as van Gogh to make it known to humans why they feel the way they do in certain situations. As Freud focused on the internal wants or desires of a human- their id, ego, and superego, van Gogh depicted insecure feelings that become present in humans while in social settings. Being an artist in the Post-Impressionist time period meant competition and proving one’s worth therefore, Van Gogh did just that in painting “The Night Café.” It has become known by researchers that this was influenced by Sigmund Freud and his discovery of Psychoanalysis. Many things in Vincent van Gogh’s life such as his emotions, life experiences, and other innovators throughout his lifetime, greatly influenced his art pieces.
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